Komplement-Komponente C4, A-Kette
Das C4A-Gen kodiert, wie das sich nur in wenigen Aminosäuren unterscheidende C4B-Gen, den Komplementfaktor C4. Partieller Mangel dieses Komplementfaktors kann zu Infektionsabwehrstörungen führen, während bei einer kompletten Deletion häufig Autoimmunerkrankungen wie Lupus erythmatodes und Typ 1 Diabetes beobachtet werden.
Gentests:
Klinisch |
Untersuchungsmethoden |
Familienuntersuchung |
Bearbeitungszeit |
5 Tage |
Probentyp |
genomische DNS |
Verknüpfte Erkrankungen:
Referenzen:
1. |
Bruun-Petersen G et al. (1981) Family studies of complement C4 and HLA in man.
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2. |
Carroll MC et al. (1985) Mapping of steroid 21-hydroxylase genes adjacent to complement component C4 genes in HLA, the major histocompatibility complex in man.
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3. |
Sjöholm AG et al. (1985) C4 allotypes and HLA-DR antigens in the family of a patient with C4 deficiency.
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4. |
Rittner C et al. (1984) An international reference typing for Ch and Rg determinants on rare human C4 allotypes.
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5. |
Palsdottir A et al. () Correlation between a DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism and C4A6 protein.
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6. |
Olaisen B et al. (1983) Gene order and gene distances in the HLA region studied by the haplotype method.
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7. |
Mauff G et al. (1984) Human C4 polymorphism: pedigree analysis of qualitative, quantitative, and functional parameters as a basis for phenotype interpretations.
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8. |
Whitehead AS et al. (1983) Use of a cDNA clone for the fourth component of human complement (C4) for analysis of a genetic deficiency of C4 in guinea pig.
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9. |
Whitehead AS et al. (1984) DNA polymorphism of the C4 genes. A new marker for analysis of the major histocompatibility complex.
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10. |
Raum D et al. (1984) Human C4 haplotypes with duplicated C4A or C4B.
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11. |
Mascart-Lemone F et al. (1983) Genetic deficiency of C4 presenting with recurrent infections and a SLE-like disease. Genetic and immunologic studies.
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12. |
Mauff G et al. (1983) The C4 beta-chain: evidence for a genetically determined polymorphism.
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13. |
Awdeh ZL et al. (1980) Inherited structural polymorphism of the fourth component of human complement.
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14. |
Boteva L et al. (2012) Genetically determined partial complement C4 deficiency states are not independent risk factors for SLE in UK and Spanish populations.
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15. |
Kjellman M et al. (1982) Homozygous deficiency of C4 in a child with a lupus erythematosus syndrome.
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16. |
Bruun-Petersen G et al. (1982) Genetics of complement C4. Two homoduplication haplotypes C4S C4S and C4F C4F in a family.
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17. |
Lundwall A et al. (1981) Isolation of component C4 of human complement and its polypeptide chains.
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18. |
Awdeh ZL et al. (1981) Genetic analysis of C4 deficiency.
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19. |
Barba G et al. (1993) Genetic basis of human complement C4A deficiency. Detection of a point mutation leading to nonexpression.
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20. |
Jiang PP et al. (1996) Localization of the mouse gene releasing sex-limited expression of Slp.
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21. |
Suto Y et al. (1996) Visual demonstration of the organization of the human complement C4 and 21-hydroxylase genes by high-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization.
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22. |
Schneider PM et al. (2001) The endogenous retroviral insertion in the human complement C4 gene modulates the expression of homologous genes by antisense inhibition.
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23. |
Chung EK et al. (2002) Determining the one, two, three, or four long and short loci of human complement C4 in a major histocompatibility complex haplotype encoding C4A or C4B proteins.
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24. |
Chung EK et al. (2002) Genetic sophistication of human complement components C4A and C4B and RP-C4-CYP21-TNX (RCCX) modules in the major histocompatibility complex.
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25. |
Nelson KC et al. (2006) Role of different pathways of the complement cascade in experimental bullous pemphigoid.
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26. |
Wilton AN et al. (1986) Order of class III genes relative to HLA genes determined by the haplotype method.
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27. |
Yang Y et al. (2007) Gene copy-number variation and associated polymorphisms of complement component C4 in human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): low copy number is a risk factor for and high copy number is a protective factor against SLE susceptibility in European Americans.
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28. |
Lamm LU et al. (1977) On the HLA-B,D map distance.
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29. |
O'Neill GJ et al. (1978) Two HLA-linked loci controlling the fourth component of human complement.
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30. |
Jackson CG et al. (1979) Immune response of a patient with deficiency of the fourth component of complement and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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31. |
Awdeh ZL et al. (1979) Genetic polymorphism of human complement C4 and detection of heterozygotes.
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32. |
Giles CM et al. (1976) Rga (Rodgers) and the HLA region: linkage and associations.
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33. |
Teisberg P et al. (1976) Genetic polymorphism of C4 in man and localisation of a structural C4 locus to the HLA gene complex of chromosome 6.
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34. |
Ebanks RO et al. (1992) A single arginine to tryptophan interchange at beta-chain residue 458 of human complement component C4 accounts for the defect in classical pathway C5 convertase activity of allotype C4A6. Implications for the location of a C5 binding site in C4.
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35. |
None (1991) The complete exon-intron structure of a human complement component C4A gene. DNA sequences, polymorphism, and linkage to the 21-hydroxylase gene.
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36. |
Braun L et al. (1990) Null alleles of human complement C4. Evidence for pseudogenes at the C4A locus and for gene conversion at the C4B locus.
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37. |
Welch TR et al. (1990) Uniparental isodisomy 6 associated with deficiency of the fourth component of complement.
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38. |
Carroll MC et al. (1990) Substitution of a single amino acid (aspartic acid for histidine) converts the functional activity of human complement C4B to C4A.
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39. |
Yu CY et al. (1986) Structural basis of the polymorphism of human complement components C4A and C4B: gene size, reactivity and antigenicity.
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40. |
Partanen J et al. (1989) Determination of deletion sizes in the MHC-linked complement C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
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41. |
Palsdottir A et al. (1987) Heterogeneity of human C4 gene size. A large intron (6.5 kb) is present in all C4A genes and some C4B genes.
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42. |
Teisberg P et al. (1988) Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the complement component C4 loci on chromosome 6: studies with emphasis on the determination of gene number.
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43. |
White PC et al. (1985) Two genes encoding steroid 21-hydroxylase are located near the genes encoding the fourth component of complement in man.
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44. |
Robinson MA et al. (1985) Localization of C4 genes within the HLA complex by molecular genotyping.
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45. |
Prentice HL et al. (1986) C4B gene polymorphism detected in a human cosmid clone.
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46. |
Schneider PM et al. (1986) Polymorphism of the human complement C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms revealing structural deletions, homoduplications, and size variants.
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47. |
Partanen J et al. (1988) C4 null phenotypes among lupus erythematosus patients are predominantly the result of deletions covering C4 and closely linked 21-hydroxylase A genes.
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48. |
Carroll MC et al. (1987) Polymorphism and molecular genetics of human C4.
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49. |
Belt KT et al. (1985) Polymorphism of human complement component C4.
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50. |
NCBI article
NCBI 720
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51. |
OMIM.ORG article
Omim 120810
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52. |
Orphanet article
Orphanet ID 160067
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Update: 14. August 2020